Cassells Illustrated History of England

Introduction

From the Accession of George III. to the French Revolution (July, 1792)

The History of the Reign of George III. is pregnant with the most momentous principles, and presents to the reader the most momentous lessons possible in the economy of Nations. A series of events is presented to our view to which there is no parallel to be found at any other period of the world's history. We see the whole of Europe in the throes of that terrible political convulsion which had its centre in France, to which country, happily, the worst of its effects were confined, though its motive principles were so wide-spread and so deep-rooted as to make the representative of almost every established dynasty tremble on his throne - a convulsion complete and universal, extending not merely to the dethroning of kings and the overthrowing of governments, but to the destruction of well-nigh every principle of morality and religion by which man tries to bind

himself to his Maker and his fellow-man; in which respect for every tie of relationship, every feeling of humanity, was cast to the winds, and a great nation, drunk with blood, and mad with every evil passion and lust that can agitate the breast of man, dared to depose the Supreme Being Himself from his place as the object of their worship, and to set up in His stead - as if in the grimmest satire - the personification of that very Human Reason whose principles they had so amazingly outraged.

We shall see in the course of this volume how the evil poison of the French Revolution extended even to our own country, in which at one time it threatened to bear dangerous fruit, had it not been happily arrested in time by the wisdom and vigilance of our rulers.

Still, this period was to our country one of extreme peril and unfortunate consequences. While the nations of the European Continent had been worshipping but a marred and mutilated image of Liberty and Free Thought, a truer idea of these great principles had been growing in the breasts of our colonists on the other side of the Atlantic. It will be seen in these pages through what a series of errors, well-intentioned though they might have been, these possessions, which we had prized so highly, were alienated from the British Crown, and having shaken off the dominion of their mother country by a series of splendid successes in the field, and feeling themselves strong enough to walk alone, began their glorious career as the great republic of the United States of North America.

But the troubles of England were not confined to the American war. A mistaken policy of interference with the affairs of the French nation, the cause of whose exiled dynasty we had chosen to espouse, involved this nation in the horrors of a Continental War, which lasted far on into the next century, failing, after all, of its original object, and in which the splendid victories gained by our forces, both by land and sea, scarcely half compensated the country for the prodigious loss of blood and treasure, and the crippling of her commerce, which she had to undergo.

In fact, two great mistakes marked the policy of the English Government during this reign: they endeavoured to rule our colonies by coercion, and they interfered to force on the French nation a dynasty it had repudiated. In both of these efforts they were eventually foiled, and from these defeats they learned two grand principles of international law - that colonies must be left to govern themselves, if they are to be retained; and that no people has, on any pretence whatever, a right to intrude itself into the domestic affairs of another people.

We have closed this volume with a careful and minute picture of the excesses of a nation renouncing Christianity. We shall open the next with the grand error of England in commencing war to replant an impossible dynasty.

Table of content

• Chapter: I. Reign of George III
  Character of George III. - Traits of it omitted by all former Historians His Marriage with Hannah Lightfoot, the Quakeress - Lord Bute becomes the King's Right-hand Man - Sworn of the Privy Council- Cabals at Court - New Prayer of the Liturgy - Funeral of George II. - Opening of Parliament - King's Popularity - Plans of Newcastle, Bubb Dodington, and Bute - Retirement of Onslow - Change of Administration - King's Marriage announced - Character of Queen Charlotte - Her Arrival - The Coronation - Campaign in Silesia - Schweidnitz taken by the Austrians - Colberg by the Russians - Frederick on the brink of Ruin - The Princes of Brunswick - Victory of the Allies at Kirch-Denkern - Projected Congress at Augsburg - Negotiations for Peace - English take Belleisle - Spain allies herself with France - The Family Compact - Pitt recommends War with Spain - He resigns with Lord Temple.
• Chapter: II. Reign of George III. (Continued.)
  Bute Prime Minister - A Pension bestowed on Pitt, with a Peerage to his Wife - Dowry for the Queen - War with Spain declared - Prussian Subsidy discontinued - Death of the Czarina - Policy of the Czar Peter- Newcastle resigns - John Wilkes commences his Career - Fights with Lord Talbot - Birth of the Prince of Wales - Assassination of the Czar- Usurpation of the Throne by his Wife and Murderess, Catherine - War in Silesia - in Westphalia and Portugal - Cuba and the Philippine Islands taken by England - Preliminaries of Peace signed at Fontainebleau - Ministerial Changes - Pitt opposes the Peace - Its Conclusion - Peace of Hubertsburg betwixt Prussia and Austria - The Cider Tax - Great Unpopularity of Bute - He resigns-George Grenville Prime Minister - Fox created Baron Holland - Wilkes starts "The North Briton " - Committed to the Tower - Discharged - Retires to Paris - Popular Rejoicings at his Return - Overtures to Pitt - His Terms refused - Former Ministry restored - Accession of Duke of Bedford - 'Wilkes' "Essay on Woman" - Fights a Second Duel - Retires again to Paris - The Question of General Warrants - Grenville resolves to Tax our American Colonies.
• Chapter: III. Reign of George III. (Continued)
  Commencement of the Troubles with America - Grenville's Stamp Act - Barre's Speech - Franklin's Letters - Ferment in America - House of Burgesses dissolved in Virginia - Patrick Henry - Dangerous Illness of George III. - Regency Bill - Insult to the Princess Dowager - Disturbances in Spitalfields - Attack on Bedford House - Pitt asked to form a Government - Declines - Again applied to - Declines a Second Time - Marquis of Rockingham minister - Parties in Ireland - Death of Duke of Cumberland - Tumults at Boston in America - Resistance to the Stamp Act - Petitions from Commercial Towns - Franklin examined at the Bar of the Commons - Repeal of the Stamp Act - Rejoicings in America- First Appearance of Edmund Burke - Ministers treat with Wilkes - Pitt Minister, and created Earl of Chatham - Murmurs against him - The Design of the Northern Alliance - Mismanagement of the East India Company - Chatham's Illness - New Taxes on America - Mutiny Tax - Grafton Minister - Nullum Tempus Bill - Wilkes Candidate for Westminster - Committed to Prison - Riots - War between Russia and Turkey - Jesuits expelled from Spain - Corsica taken by France - Death of Duke of Newcastle - Resignation of Chatham.
• Chapter: IV. Reign of George III. (continued.)
  Reconciliation of Chatham and the Grenvilles - Meeting of Parliament, 1770 - Chatham reappears - Camden dismissed from Office - Sir Charles Yorke made Chancellor of the Exchequer - Commits Suicide - Duke of Grafton resigns - Lord North Prime Minister - Affairs of America - Affray at Boston - Trial of Captain Preston - "The Massacre" - Wilkes released from Prison - Death of Beckford - Death of Grenville - Affairs of Ireland - The Falkland Islands invaded by Spain - The French Court - Fall of Choiseul - Peace confirmed - Duel of Lord George Germaine - Disputes with the City of London - Crosby and Oliver committed to the Tower - Popular Tumults - Mr. Fox's Entry on Public Life - Decline of Wilkes's Influence - John Home Tooke - Meeting of Parliament, 1772 - Subscription to the Thirty-nine Articles - Marriage of Duke of Cumberland and Duke of Gloucester - Sorrowful History of George III.'s Sister, Caroline Matilda Queen of Denmark - The Conspiracy against Struensee - The Confinement and Death of Caroline Matilda - Death of the Princess Dowager - Royal Marriage Bill - Fox resigns Office - Accepts it again - Revolution in Sweden - Russian War in the Mediterranean - Troubles of Poland - First Treaty of Partition - Foreign Policy of England.
• Chapter: V. Reign of George III. (Continued.)
  New East India Bill - Lord North's Tea Bill - Case of the "Gaspee" Schooner - Andrew and Peter Oliver - The Caucus - Franklin's Satirical Tracts - Whately's Letters purloined and carried to America - Their Effect - Franklin dismissed from Office - Proceedings against Horne Tooke - The Tea Riot at Boston - Recall of Governor Hutchinson - The Yankees - Death of Louis XV. - Proceedings in Virginia - Solemn League and Covenant - Proceedings in various parts of America - Declaration of Rights - Address to the People of Canada - Dissolution of Parliament in England - Wilkes Lord Mayor - Interview betwixt Chatham and Franklin - Chatham's Conciliatory Bill rejected - Franklin and Lord Howe - First Blood shed at Lexington - Yankee-Doodle - Blockade of Boston - Surprise of Ticonderoga Fort - The Meeting of Congress at Philadelphia - Arrival of Franklin - Mustering an Army in America - Washington appointed Commander-in-Chief - Battle of Bunker's Hill - Proceedings in Congress- Accession of Georgia - Washington's Camp - State of Feeling in England - Mission of Richard Penn ill received - Duke of Grafton retires from Office - Proceedings in America - Burning of Falmouth - Americans invade Canada - Attack on Quebec - Defeat and Death of the American General, Montgomery.
• Chapter: VI. Reign of George III. (Continued.)
  The Winter in Massachusetts - Blockade of Boston - Departure of the British Troops - Warfare in South Carolina - Americans expelled from Canada - Arrival of Admiral Howe - Pamphlets of Thomas Paine - Silas Deane's Mission to France - Independence proposed by Lee - Promulgated - The Name of the United States assumed - The British on Long Island - Battle of Brooklyn - Project to burn New York - The Barber Captain - Franklin's Mission to France - Overtures to Prince Charles Stuart - Washington's Night-march to Trenton - Surprise of the Hessians - Action at Princeton - New Jersey recovered by the Americans - Close of the Campaign- Parliament in England - Fire in the Dockyard at Portsmouth - Similar attempt at Plymouth - Jack the Painter - His Execution - Trial of Home Tooke - British Ambassador at Paris - Kosciusko - La Fayette goes to America - Skirmish at Quibbletown - Battle of Brandywine - British enter Philadelphia - Battle of Germontown - Condition of Washington's Army - Burgoyne re-takes Forts Ticonderoga and Edward - Miss M'Rea - Battle on Behmus's Heights - Burgoyne's Retreat - Negotiations with General Gates - Surrender of Burgoyne - Terms of the Convention broken - British Parliament - Chatham's Speech on the Employment of Indians - News of Burgoyne's Surrender - and of American Treaty with France.
• Chapter: VII. The Reign of George III. (Continued.)
  Effect of the Losses in America on North's Ministry - Proposals to make Chatham Minister - Difference betwixt Chatham and Rockingham - North brings in Conciliatory Bills - Lord Howe and Sir William Howe recalled - Lord North desires to resign - The French Ambassador announces the Treaty with America - Lord Stormont recalled from Paris - Coutts, the banker, endeavours to get Chatham made Minister - The King remains inflexible - State of America at this juncture - Chatham's last Appearance in Parliament, and his Death - Return of Burgoyne to England - Repeal of the Penal Code against the English Roman Catholics - Popular Ferment in Scotland - Lord George Gordon - Washington in his Camp at Valley Forge - The Conway Cabal - Proposed Expedition to Canada - Given up - News of the Treaty with France - La Fayette on Barren Hill - The Mischianza - The British Commissioners arrive - Their terms rejected - The British Troops leave Philadelphia - Washington pursues them - Battle of Monmouth - French Squadron under D'Estaing - His Designs on Rhode Island - Wyoming destroyed - British Expedition to Georgia - D'Estaing in the West Indies - Fayette returns to France - Admiral Keppel and Count D'Orvilliers - Action off Ushant - Courts Martial on Keppel and Palliser - No-Popery Riots in Scotland - Protestant Associations - War with Spain declared - Camp on Cox Heath - French Army of Invasion - Allied Fleets in the Channel - Paul Jones - Return of D'Estaing to France - Campaign in America - Washington at Middlebrook - Depreciation of American Money - Insolvency of the United States - Washington's Picture of the Times - Meeting of English Parliament, and Resignation of Lord Gower.
• Chapter: VIII. The Reign of George III. - (Continued.)
  Burke's Motion for Economical Reform - The Pension List - Defended by Lord Nugent - Duels of Fox and Lord Shelburne - Bills to disqualify Revenue Officers and Contractors - Meeting in Westminster - Dunning's Motion to reduce the Influence of the Crown - These neutralised - Protestant Associations - The Gordon Riots - Burning of Catholic Chapels - Newgate burnt - Other Prisons broken open - Lord Mansfield's House ransacked - Attempts on the Bank of England - Thirty-six Conflagrations at Night- Lord George Gordon arrested - Burke and North in concert - Special Commission - Rodney defeats Don Juan de Langara - Relieves Gibraltar - Resentment of the Empress Catherine - Campaign in North America - Capture of Charlestown - Action at Wax-haws - Cornwallis and Lord Rawdon - Battle of Camden - Surprise at King's Mountain - La Fayette's Return - Count Rochambeau - French Fleet blockaded - American Headquarters - Career of General Arnold - Major Andre meets him - Andre arrested - Escape of Arnold - Andre hanged as a Spy - Offers to the Opposition in England - Dissolution of Parliament - Pitt and Grenville - Secret Overtures for Peace by Necker - War with Holland - Erskine's Defence of Captain Baillie, Admiral Keppel, and Lord George Gordon- First Speech of Sheridan - Pitt's rising fame - French Descent of Jersey - French and Spaniards in Minorca - Descent upon Virginia - Mutiny amongst the American Troops - Campaign in the Carolinas - Action at Cow-pens - Battle of Guildford - Campaign in Virginia - Retreat of La Fayette - Action at Hobkirk's Hill - Case of Colonel Hayne - Battle at Eutaw Springs - Expedition to Connecticut - Quarrel of Clinton and Cornwallis - French Fleet in the Chesapeake - Washington's Conference with De Grasse - Cornwallis besieged in York Town - His Surrender.
• Chapter: IX. Reign of George III. (Continued.)
  Taking of St. Eustatia from the Dutch, by Rodney, with other Islands and Settlements - Rodney's Severities - Capture of Dutch Ships and of little Dutch Settlements in the East Indies - Negotiations with Russia - Spanish Attack on Minorca - Battle off the Dogger Bank-Other Sea Fights - Meeting of Parliament - Debates on the American War - Altered Views of Ministers- Meetings and Petitions for Peace - Retirement of Lord George Germaine - Year 1782 - War in the West Indies - At the Cape - Loss of Minorca - King's Project of retiring to Hanover - Lord North resigns - Lord Rockingham Prime Minister - Irish Distress - Grattan on Irish Questions - Irish Demands conceded - Popular Gratitude to Grattan - Arrears of the Civil List - Enormous Pension to Barre - Pitt in favour of Parliamentary Reform - North American Affairs - Proposals to make Washington King - Rodney's Great Victory over De Grasse - Rodney made a Peer - Death of Lord Rockingham - Lord Shelburne Minister - Pitt Chancellor of the Exchequer - Loss of the Royal George - General Elliot's Splendid Defence of Gibraltar - Treaty of Peace with America - With France - These Treaties Signed - John Adams at the British Court as First American Ambassador - Pitt becomes Prime Minister.
• Chapter: X. Reign of George III. (Continued.)
  Scrutiny into the Westminster Election - Determined Attempt of Pitt's Government to keep Fox out of Parliament as the Westminster Representative - Fox triumphant - Obtains Damages from the High Bailiff- Affairs of Ireland - Formidable Aspect of the Volunteer Body - Their National Congress - Resolutions regarding the Trade of Ireland passed in the Irish Parliament - This introduced by Pitt to the English House of Commons, but there modified - These altered Resolutions rejected by the Irish Parliament - Pitt's Motion for Reform of Parliament - His Motion for Regulation of Offices - Pitt's Irish Taxes - Review of our Affairs with Holland since 1781 - Pitt's Financial Measures - Proposes a Sinking Fund, and carries it - Fresh Arrears of the Civil List - Duke of Richmond's Plan of Fortifying our Dockyards rejected - Indian Affairs: Clive Returns to India in 1765 - His Fame as Sahib Jung - He returns again to England - War with Hyder Ali - Peace - Attacks in Parliament on Clive - His Death - Warren Hastings First Governor-General - The Munny Begum - War with the Rohillas - Nuncomar Tried and Hanged - Case of Sir Elijah Impey - Philip Francis - Hastings Supreme - Affairs of Madras - Lord Pigot - Paul Benfield - Sir Thomas Rumbold - War with the Chiefs at Poonah and with the French - Scindiah and Holear - Francis and Impey - War re-commenced with Hyder Ali - Victories of Sir Eyre Coote - Cheyte Sing - Hastings' Journey to the North-Western Provinces - Begums of Oude - Rumours of Hastings' Cruelties - Parliamentary Inquiries into them - War with the Dutch in India - Suffrein - Deaths of Hyder Ali and Sir Eyre Coote - Peace concluded with Tippoo Sahib- Wretched State of Oude - Journey of Hastings thither - Shah Allum - Hastings resigns the Governorship of India - Lord Cornwallis appointed - Mr. Francis moves for a Bill to amend Pitt's India Bill - Dundas's Bill - Death of the Nabob of Arcot - Burke's Motions on Indian Affairs- Papers on India demanded by Philip Francis - Impeachment of Hastings voted.
• Chapter: XI. Reign of George III. (Continued.)
  The King attacked by a Mad Woman - Dissipations of the Prince of Wales- Offers of Money to him from France - Arrangements for the Younger Princes - Death of Frederick, of Prussia - Impending Troubles betwixt Prussia and Holland - Proposed Commercial Treaty with France - Question regarding Scotch Peers - Beaufoy's Motion for the Repeal of the Test and Corporation Act rejected - Prince of Wales' Debts and Marriage with Mrs. Fitzherbert - Transportation to New South Wales - Abuses in the Post Office - Lord Elcho unseated as the Eldest Son of a Scotch Peer - Burke proceeds with his Impeachment of Hastings - Various Charges admitted - A Committee appointed to conduct the Impeachment - Hastings impeached at the Bar of the Lords - Hastings taken into Custody - Admitted by the Lords to Bail - Parliament adjourned - Troubles in Holland - Insurrection in Belgium - Lord Rawdon on Naval Promotion- Pitt's Declaratory Indian Bill - Impeachment of Sir Elijah Impey - Trial of Hastings in Westminster Hall - Parliament prorogued - Insanity of the King - Debates on a Regency - Irish Address - King's sudden Recovery - Congratulations, &c. - Report on the Slave trade - Pitt's Schemes of Finance - Hastings' Trial resumed - Differences betwixt the King and Prince of Wales - Death of Charles Edward, the Pretender - War betwixt Russia and Turkey - Ditto, betwixt Russia and Sweden - Ditto, betwixt Austria and Turkey - Affairs of Sweden - Austrian Troubles in Hungary and the Netherlands - Death of Joseph II. of Austria.
• Chapter: XII. The Reign of George III. - (Continued.)
  Outbreak op the French Revolution - The Cause of this Revolution long accumulating in the History of France - Various preceding Revolutions in France, all having the same Bloody and ferocious Character, though less in degree - The Elements of this mingled Levity and Ferocity inherent in the French Nature - Age of Louis XIV. - Its Licentious Tyranny, and sanguinary Repression of Religious Progress - Extermination of Protestantism - Consequent universal ascendancy of Priestcraft and Ignorance - The Regency - Louis XV. - Louis XVI. and his Family - Ministry of De Brienne - Bed of Justice - Duke of Orleans banished - Returns - Assembly of Notables - Cour Plentere - Resignation of De Brienne, and Ministry of Necker - Proposes the Meeting of the States-General - Unpopularity of the Queen - License of the Press - Assembly of States- General - Tiers Etat double in number to the other Orders - Refuses to act till the other Orders sit with it - The Aristocracy and Clergy compelled to join the Tiers Etat - The National Assembly - Its Proceedings- Burning of Reveillon's Manufactory - Duke of Orleans, Lafayette, Mirabeau, Necker &c. - Conduct of the National Assembly and of Parisian Mob - Necker resigns - Conflict betwixt the People and Soldiery - Seduction of Gardes-Francoises - National Cockade - The Bastille taken - King goes to the Assembly-Necker recalled - More Bloodshed - Destruction of Privileges - Rights of Man - Proceedings at Versailles - Arrival of the Mob - Attempt to assassinate the Queen - The Royal Family compelled to go to Paris - The Jacobin Club - Proceedings at the Chatelet - Famine, Riots, Law against Tumults - New Division of the Kingdom - Abolition of Parliament - Lettres de Cachet - Armorial Bearings, Titles, Liveries, &c., abolished - Suppression of Monasteries and Seizure of the Property of the Clergy - Other Reforms - Commotions in the Provinces - Execution of Favras - Issue of Assignats - Views of the French Revolution in England - Burke denounces it - Admiration of it by Fox, Priestley, Price, fee. - Proceedings in the English Parliament - Differences with Spain regarding Nootka Sound - Slavery Question - Hastings' Trial - Irish Affairs - War in Belgium with the Austrians, in Turkey with Russia - General Swearing in Paris to maintain the New Constitution - Danton, Desmoulins. and other Paris Democrats - Proceedings of the National Assembly - Abbé Maury defends Church Property - Anacharsis Clootz - The Fete of the Federation in the Champs de Mars - Marat - The Moderates attempt to put Limits to the Revolution - The Royal Family seek for Flight - Interview of the Queen with Mirabeau at St. Cloud - Charges against the Duke of Orleans and Mirabeau - Revolt of the Troops at Nancy against the Assembly-Suppressed by Bouillé - Necker resigns - Atrocious Writings of the Jacobins, Marat. Danton, Carra, Desmoulins, Ac. - Federation of the Friends of Truth - Growing Ascendancy of Marat and Robespierre - Suppression of the Insurrection in Belgium - War in India with Tippoo Sahib - Proceedings in the British Parliament.
• Chapter: XIII. The Reign of George III. - (Continued.)
  Parliamentary Debates on the British Policy in India, and towards Russia and France - Great Schism betwixt Burke and Fox on the French Revolution - Burke's Detestation and Fox's Admiration of it - Question of a new Constitution for Canada - Proposal by Pitt to divide that Colony into two Provinces, the Upper and Lower - To allot an amount of Land for the Clergy of each, &c. - Passes unopposed the first and second Reading - Violent Contentions introduced into the Debates on this Bill by Fox and Burke on the French Revolution - Break-up of the Whig Party through it - Further violent Debates on the re-commitment of the Bill - Lord Sheffield moves that Discussions on French Affairs are irrelevant in a Canada Bill - Fox supports the Motion - Fresh Debates on France - Burke disclaims the Friendship of Fox - Lord Sheffield's Motion withdrawn - Fox proposes an Aristocracy for Canada - Fresh Contest betwixt Burke and Fox on the French Question - The Canada Bill passes both Houses - Wilberforce introduces a Bill to prevent further importation of Slaves into the West Indies, which is defeated - Bill for founding the Settlement of Sierra Leone passed - Bills introduced for Relief of Catholics and Members of the Church of Scotland - Fox's Bill on the Law of Libel defeated - Trial of Warren Hastings resumed and continued till 1795, when he is acquitted - Effects of the French Revolution in England - Thomas Paine - Dr. Priestley - Dr. Price - Riots at Birmingham - Tory Instigations - Burning of Meeting-houses in Birmingham, and of Dr. Priestley's House and Library, with the Houses of other Dissenters - Destruction of the House and Property of William Hutton - Trials of the Rioters - Progress of the French Revolution - Resistance of the Clergy to the Serment Civique and the new Bishoprics - Flight of the King's two Aunts - Debate on the Emigration Law - Marat denounces the Gambling-houses - The Attack on Vincennes - Supposed Royalist Plot at the Tuileries - Death of Mirabeau - Charge against the King of harbouring non-juring Priests - The Mob refuse to allow him to go to St. Cloud - The Assembly afraid to support him against the Mob - La Fayette resigns his Command of the National Guard, but resumes it again - The Workmen of Paris form Trades-unions on levelling principles - Fauchet made Bishop of Calvados - The Pope excommunicates the elected Bishops, and is burnt in effigy - Robespierre votes the dissolution of the Assembly - Flight of the King and Royal Family - They are arrested at Varennes, and brought back to Paris - Bouille resigns the Command of the Army - Thomas Paine and the Jacobins recommend a Republic, and that the King be deposed - La Fayette fires on the Populace in the Champ de Mars, who demand the Abolition of Royalty - The Bones of Voltaire deposited in the Pantheon - A Host of Tutors appointed for the Dauphin - The Constitution finished, and the Assembly dissolves itself - The National Legislative Assembly - Doumouriez sent against the Royalists in La Vendee - The Party of the Gironde - Measures against the refractory Priests - Decrees against the Emigrants - Attacks on the King's Ministers - La Fayette and Bailly resign - Petion elected Mayor of Paris - The King is compelled by the Assembly to menace the Elector of Treves with War if he does not expel the Emigrants from his State - The Elector throws himself under the Protection of the Emperor Leopold, who dispatches an Army into the Territory of Treves - Change of Ministry - Delessart succeeds Montmorin, and Narbonne as Minister of War - Three Generals are appointed, Luckner, Rochambeau, and La Fayette - The Kingdom is put into a State of Defence at the Close of 1791.
• Chapter: XIV. The Reign of George III. (Continued.)
  Louis XVI. refuses to sanction the Edicts for a Federate Camp, and for the Banishment of the Priests - Dumouriez resigns, announcing the Plot to dethrone the King - La Fayette writes to the Assembly, calling on it to put down the Jacobins - The Jacobins and Girondists determine to destroy both La Fayette and the Monarchy - Attack on the Tuileries on the 20th of June - Schemes for the Flight of the King - The Assembly pronounces the Country in Danger - Louis dispatches a Secret Letter to hasten the March of the Austrians and Prussians - Temporary Reconciliation of the Jacobins and Girondists - The King visits the Assembly- Progress of Mob Law - La Fayette goes to Paris, and, in the Assembly, announces the Necessity of putting down the Clubs - Vain Attempt of La Fayette to do this.